(3) Dos Passos GR, Oliveira LM, da Costa BK, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody positive optic neuritis. Comparison of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) when they co-exist with anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis. 4 Furthermore, those with MOG antibody disease seem to be less likely to have other autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, etc.) than those with AQP-4 positive NMOSD. MOG antibody disease and AQP-4 positive NMOSD are thought to have distinct immunological mechanisms. Those with MOG antibody disease do not test positive for the NMO antibody called aquaporin 4 (AQP-4). Patients with persistently positive antibodies are at risk for recurrent events. Those with MOG Antibody Disease may previously have been diagnosed with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), Transverse Myelitis (TM), Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Optic Neuritis (ON), or multiple sclerosis (MS) because of the pattern of inflammation it causes including brain, spinal cord and optic nerve damage. 3 The diagnosis is confirmed when MOG antibodies in the blood are found in patients who have repeated inflammatory attacks of the central nervous system. 1,2 While the function of this glycoprotein is not exactly known, MOG is a target of the immune system in this disease. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein that is located on the surface of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system.
MOG antibody disease (MOGAD) is a recently coined neuro-inflammatory condition that preferentially causes inflammation in the optic nerve but can also cause inflammation in the spinal cord and brain. This information sheet has been reviewed and approved by members of SRNA’s Medical and Scientific Council. COVID-19 and Rare Neuroimmune Disorders.
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